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Currency repatriation requirements were extended on 14 April to cover loans issued by Russian residents to foreign borrowers, reducing the opportunities for businesses to shift funds abroad through non-repayable loans.

UK - BREXIT: More detail on post-Brexit rights for EU citizens and families

SWISS BANKING: Sweden and the Netherlands demand names of Swiss Banks clients

VAT - Transfer of ownership of land in settlement of tax arrears

Foreign documents are those issued abroad by a foreign authority, even if they are in the Italian language, which in order to be used in Italy require legalization or an apostille.In this sense, a document prepared by an Italian consulate or ambassador abroad is not “foreign”, even if the parties are foreign. If it is written in a foreign language, the foreign document must also be accompanied by its “translation”.More precisely, the obligation to legalize a foreign document is currently stipula

Le mécanisme du prix-valeur trouve application à condition que le montant total du prix convenu soit indiqué dans l’acte:"Si le montant convenu est occulté, ne fût-ce qu’en partie, les impôts sont dus sur la totalité de celui-ci et une sanction administrative de cinquante à cent pourcent de la différence entre les droits dus et ceux déjà appliqués sur la base de la somme déclarée sera prononcée, après soustraction du montant de la sanction éventuellement infligée”.

First of all, the purchaser has the right to have the vendor consign the property at the time of the notarised conveyance, upon payment of the purchase price, in its known state, with any agreed accessories, free of persons and things. It is legitimate for the purchaser to request consignment of the asset before the definitive transfer: however it is not his right to insist upon it, it being left to the d

In the first place, the vendor is obliged to consign to the purchaser the property sold in the state in which it is with vacant possession, free of persons and things, at the time the contract of sale is notarised, i.e. at the same time as the balance of the price is paid. The vendor has the option, however, of allowing the future purchaser to occupy the property even before the actual change of ownership, it being understood that because he is still the owner of the asset he remains resp

La première obligation du vendeur est l’obligation de livrer à l’acheteur le bien immobilier dans l’état où il se trouve, libre de personnes et de choses, au moment du contrat de vente devant notaire, donc simultanément au paiement du solde du prix. Il a cependant le possibilité d’autoriser le futur acquéreur à prendre possession des lieux même avant le transfert de propriété proprement dit, étant entendu que, puisqu’il est encore propriétaire du bien, il en est toujours responsable en ta

This is a simplified – but absolutely rigid - form of legalization (in the sense that it must have  exactly all the formal characteristics stipulated in the sample attached to the Hague Convention of 5/10/1961 which governs it). It is valid in all the countries that have signed the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 and replaces legalization amongst those countries alone.Like legalization, an apostille may be indispensable for a foreign public document to be valid in Italy.Like legalization, an

Dissolution of general partnerships is determined by the causes already mentioned and described with reference to informal partnership,  to which the reader is explicitly referred.However, other specific causes of dissolution of the s.n.c. are the latter’s bankruptcy, and a provision by a government authority laying down the compulsory administrative winding up of the partnership.

La dissolution de la société en nom collectif est déterminée par les causes qui ont déjà été identifiées et décrites à propos de la  société simple auxquelles nous vous renvoyons.Il y a cependant également des causes spécifiques à la dissolution de la s.n.c. comme la faillite de celle-ci et des mesures prises par l’autorité gouvernementale par lesquelles la liquidation forcée de la société par voie administrative est disposée.

The board of statutory auditors is the audit body of the joint-stock companies that adopt the traditional system:  it has the task of monitoring the company’s compliance with the law and the Memorandum of Association and has a supervisory function with regard to the actions of management. The Board of Auditors only exceptionally exercise accountancy control  and they do so only in closed companies, that is, companies which do not have recourse to the venture capital market, and only if envis

With the provisions that entered into force as of 1 January 2004, the dissolution of companies with share capital is governed by new rules.A company may be dissolved because: its term of duration has expired,  the corporate aims have been achieved or circumstances have set in that make it impossible to achieve them, the shareholders’ meeting cannot or will not function, the share capital has dropped to values below the minimum legal requirements (but the company may decide to reconstitute th

Limited partners are excluded, in principle, from managing the company.However, they may negotiate or conclude individual deals on behalf of the company, providing they have received a specific proxy or authorisation empowering them to do so.Each limited partner is responsible for social security liabilities in a degree that is proportionate to the contribution they made to the company. Accordingly he/she does not assume any other risks, except that of losing the value of the capital he/she

From the historic and regulatory point of view, the joint-stock company is the prototype of the company with share capital whose body of rules apply to the limited partnerships with share capital (s.a.p.a.), with which it is compatible, and in some respects they are very close to the rules that govern the limited liability company, which however makes little reference to the rules on joint-stock companies, which consequently do not directly apply. The joint-stock company (s.p.a.) differs fro

On the basis of the provisions in force as of 1 January 2004, the administration of joint-stock companies may be organised according to three separate models:  the traditional model, the monistic model (of Anglo-Saxon origin) and the two-tier model (of German origin).In the traditional model, the directors have the task of running the company, and are accordingly provided with the power of being pro-active i.e. promoting the decision-making activity of the meeting (power of initiative), of i

Once upon a time it was enough to say that a foreigner was someone who was not an Italian citizen. This definition – to be clear – is still valid. Except that Article 17 of the EC Treaty institutes a citizenship of the European Union which is attributed to anyone who is a citizen of a Member State. Belonging to the European Union brings with it various consequences, some of which are very important, like the prohibition on

Il fut un temps où étaient étrangers tous ceux qui n’étaient pas des citoyens italiens. Soyons clairs, cette définition est toujours valable. Sauf que l’article 17 du Traité de la CE a introduit la citoyenneté de l’Union Européenne, attribuée à tous ceux qui sont les ressortissants d’un État membre. Être citoyen de l’Union Européenne a différents effets, dont certains de grande portée, comme l’interdiction de discriminations sur la base de la nationalité et le principe de la primauté du d

In its Memorandum of Association each company must indicate an office address where it will presumably carry out its administrative and management activities.The company may set up one or more branch offices where it carries out its business, with an organizational and administrative autonomy, and normally with a stable representative.

Chaque société doit indiquer dans l’acte constitutif un siège social, où elle est censée exercer son activité administrative et de gestion.La société peut créer un ou plusieurs sièges secondaires pourvus d’une organisation et d’une administration indépendantes et ayant normalement des représentants fixes pour y réaliser son activité sociale.