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ESTATE DISPUTES: Some important judgments from last month

The Privy Council has handed down judgment in Investec Trust (Guernsey) v Glenalla Properties (2018 UKPC 7), in which the former trustees of the Tchenguiz Discretionary Trust had made loans of over GBP200 million to various BVI companies.

INTERNATIONAL - SPAIN: Foreign nationals can sue government over inheritance tax discrimination, following Supreme Court ruling

INTERNATIONAL - UK - Nearly 100,000 properties in England and Wales owned by foreign entities

NETHERLANDS: Measures against 'letterbox companies' seek to improve country's reputation

INTERNATIONAL - AUSTRALIA: Consequences of using foreign trusts for capital gains

The Japanese government's 2018 tax reform bill abolishes the recently introduced rule under which the heirs of a long-term resident foreigner who died outside Japan remain liable to Japanese inheritance tax (IHT) on estate assets anywhere in the world. The rule had threatened to derail the government's efforts to attract foreign talent to live and work in Japan, because it meant IHT liability could follow a foreign national for up to five years after leaving the country.

INTERNATIONAL - ISRAEL: Tax authority launches new voluntary disclosure programme

INTERNATIONAL - UK: Alarm over extension of property taxes to non-residents

SWISS BANKING: Sweden and the Netherlands demand names of Swiss Banks clients

INTERNATIONAL - Cayman Islands: Beneficial ownership regime ready for launch

INTERNATIONAL - European Union: Taxation at source must take into account non-resident taxpayer's domestic costs

COMPRAVENDITA - Proposta irrevocabile e caparra confirmatoria

Following marriage, unless an explicit declaration to the contrary is made at the time of the ceremony, spouses find themselves in a shared property arrangement, this being the automatic legal regime in force in our system since 20/9/1975. This means that any purchase made by a spouse during the marriage is subject to legal community (or, simply put, is common property) with the other. The law excludes (to take a few of the more important cases) only assets acquired by donation or inherit

À la suite d’un mariage, en l’absence d’une déclaration contraire explicite au moment de la célébration, les conjoints sont en régime de communauté légale de biens, régime prévu par la loi et automatique, en vigueur depuis le 20/09/1975 dans notre système juridique. Cela signifie que toute acquisition faite par un des conjoints pendant la durée du mariage entre dans la communauté de biens légale (ou, plus simplement, dans la copropriété) avec l’autre. Le législateur exclut (pour évoquer l

La loi (articles 2 et 3) prévoit par conséquent qu’au moment de la stipulation du contrat préliminaire, ou de n’importe quel autre contrat ou accord par lequel l’acquéreur ne devient pas immédiatement propriétaire du nouvel immeuble en cours de construction, en contrepartie des obligations souscrites et des sommes avancées ou à payer, le vendeur doit fournir une fidéjussion spécifique (auprès d’une banque ou assurance) en garantie de toutes les sommes remises ou à remettre avant l’acte défin

Un des éléments essentiels de la négociation d’un contrat de prêt est l’échelonnement accordé pour la restitution du capital prêté, donc la durée. On peut dire en termes généraux qu’une durée plus longue de l’emprunt comporte une diminution relative du montant de chaque tranche d’amortissement, ce qui diminue la pression sur l’emprunteur; d’autre part, tout ceci comporte globalement le paiement d’un montant plus élevé en termes d’intérêts, précisément parce que le capital sera remboursé plus

The new law that is discussed below, and in particular the duty to take out a surety bond, applies to all types of real estate negotiations and hence it applies to purchases, exchanges, divisions, allotments by cooperative companies …, also and in particular to all forms of agreement that are made before the purchase and actual delivery of the property, such as preliminary agreements, promises to sell, leasing contracts, unilateral promises, advance payments, …. (article 1, paragraph 1, lett

These must be residential properties and related accessories (garages, cellars, etc). As the taxation department itself confirmed (Telefisco 2006), the benefits extend to accessories without limit as to number and even if purchased separately from the principal asset, so long as their intended use as accessories is specified in the purchase contract. The system also applies to purchases of housing and accessories that are ineligible for the benefits foreseen for “primary residences”. So a

Il doit s’agir d’un bien immobilier destiné à l’habitation et de ses annexes (box, caves, etc…). Comme l’administration des finances l’a confirmé (Telefisco 2006), ce régime favorable est étendu aux dépendances sans limitation de leur nombre, et cela également si elles ont été acquises séparément du bien principal, à condition que dans l’acte d’achat la destination comme annexe soit mentionnée. Le système s’applique aussi aux achats d’habitations et leurs dépendances qui ne peuvent pas bé

La société par actions doit se constituer par un acte authentique dans lequel les parties au contrat de société seront identifiées; il ne doit pas nécessairement s’agir de personnes physiques, mais aussi de personnes morales (comme par exemple d’autres sociétés par actions ou des sociétés de personnes, voire des coopératives ou autres organismes).L’acte constitutif devra aussi identifier la commune où se trouve le siège de la société, qui est le lieu où est exercée l’activité sociale, et la rais

Any change, even only a purely formal change, in the clauses of the by-laws of a company is considered to be an amendment to the by-laws.  As a rule this competence belongs to the extraordinary shareholders’ meeting and the relevant decision must be written in the minutes by a notary public and then registered with the Register of Companies.The decision must be taken by a majority vote, any clause in the bylaws setting forth that unanimity is required to change the Memorandum of Association

In early 2003 the Italian legislator issued a law decree (n° 6 of 17 January 2003) which thoroughly reformed companies limited by shares.  The declared aim was to simplify, where appropriate, and enrich, wherever possible, the rules governing such companies, with a view to increasing their competitiveness on both domestic and international markets.Many changes were made and the following results have been achieved:  a better, though still not complete, co-ordination between the rules governi

Au début de 2003 le législateur italien a promulgué un décret législatif (n° 6 du 17 janvier 2003) qui a apporté des réformes profondes au système des sociétés de capitaux. L’objectif déclaré était la simplification, là où cela était opportun, et l’enrichissement, là où c’était possible, de la réglementation intéressant ces organismes pour les rendre plus compétitifs sur les marchés nationaux et internationaux. Nombreux ont été les changements, et ils ont eu comme résultat une meilleure

COMPRAVENDITA - Immobli in corso di costruzione - Acquisto - Pagamenti

Nella fase anteriore al rogito non solo occorre prestare attenzione all’entità delle somme che si sborsano (che va limitata il più possibile) ma anche alla “qualificazione” delle somme stesse: da come queste somme sono infatti “denominate” deriva infatti un differente trattamento in caso di “crisi” contrattuale.Normalmente, il primo pagamento che si effettua viene denominato “caparra confirmatoria”: con questa qualificazione si ottiene il risultato che, se chi riceve la caparra si rende inad

COMPRAVENDITA - Preliminare - Caparra confirmatoria

I trust permettono ad un soggetto (detto settlor o disponente) di affidare la proprietà e la gestione di un dato bene ad un dato altro soggetto (detto trustee)

Nella normalità dei casi si usa pattuire il pagamento di una caparra confirmatoria all’atto del compromesso (non superiore al 20 per cento del prezzo complessivo) e il pagamento del saldo al rogito, momento nel quale avviene la consegna delle chiavi. Se si intendono pattuire pagamenti ante rogito ulteriori rispetto alla iniziale caparra oppure il pagamento di una caparra di importo elevato, è consigliabile garantirsi opportunamente (o con la trascrizione del contratto preliminare o mediante