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For many years now, in Italy and throughout the world,  the associative phenomenon has encountered ever greater consideration, in addition to a growing enthusiasm. The explanation of this progressive attention may be found in the ever more widespread awareness that the ideas, dreams and projects that each individual nourishes in the course of his/her existence may be concretely expressed, not only through acting in isolation, also by following a path which leads a number of persons to join f

La réglementation transitoire, qui trouvera application en attendant que la réglementation normative soit promulguée, est régie par l’article 11, alinéa 1-bis du décret législatif 192/2005, en vigueur depuis le 2 février 2007, après introduction par le décret législatif 311/2006; cette norme dit que, tant qu’on n’aura pas promulgué les normes réglementaires qui permettront de rédiger le certificat de performance énergétique des bâtiments, celui-ci sera remplacé à tous les effets (et donc aus

A joint-stock company must be set up through a public deed which must clearly indicate who the parties to the contract are. Such parties may be individuals but also legal entities (as for instance other joint-stock companies, partnerships, cooperatives or other bodies).The Memorandum of Association must indicate the Municipality in which the company has its registered office, which is where it operates, and the name of the company which must contain the wording “"società per azioni" or "s.p.

The limited liability company is intended for smaller companies than joint-stock companies, and the equity participation in the company has a personal connotation which is absent in the s.p.a.  In fact, it has a limited number of shareholders who are not personally responsible for the social security liabilities, even if they have acted in the name and on behalf of the company.The legislation in place as of 1 January 2004 has had a major impact on the limited liability company, which is an e

Limited partners are excluded, in principle, from managing the company.However, they may negotiate or conclude individual deals on behalf of the company, providing they have received a specific proxy or authorisation empowering them to do so.Each limited partner is responsible for social security liabilities in a degree that is proportionate to the contribution they made to the company. Accordingly he/she does not assume any other risks, except that of losing the value of the capital he/she

From the historic and regulatory point of view, the joint-stock company is the prototype of the company with share capital whose body of rules apply to the limited partnerships with share capital (s.a.p.a.), with which it is compatible, and in some respects they are very close to the rules that govern the limited liability company, which however makes little reference to the rules on joint-stock companies, which consequently do not directly apply. The joint-stock company (s.p.a.) differs fro

Take the case in which the company has lost capital. What is the company allowed to do?In this connection the law envisages that, in case of losses, the company cannot distribute profits among the partners until the capital has been reduced or replenished by the corresponding amount.However, unlike what happens for companies with share capital, there is no obligation to reduce the capital whatever the amount of the losses incurred, even if the latter are such as to wipe out the  entire capit

Admettons par hypothèse qu’il y ait eu une perte de capital social, que faut-il faire?La seule obligation que la loi impose à ce propos est qu’en cas de pertes, la société ne peut pas distribuer les bénéfices aux associés tant que le capital n’a pas été réduit ou reconstitué dans la même  mesure.Néanmoins, contrairement aux sociétés de capitaux, il n’y a aucune obligation à réduire le capital, quel que soit le montant des pertes, même si elles sont telles qu’elles réduisent le capital à zéro.Il

The essential requirements for entering a partnership deed are three:- contributions;- jointly carrying out a business activity;- sharing in the earnings.

The corporate assets are the company’s assets and liabilities.  Initially they are made up of the contributions offered or promised by the partners.  During its life-time the corporate assets undergo changes depending on the business activities carried out. The assets and liabilities are audited regularly through the drawing up of the annual balance sheet.The net worth is the positive difference between assets and liabilities.The corporate assets also have the function of providing the compa

Contributions are the assets that the partners are obliged to provide under the partnership deed.In other terms, the contributions are the resources that the partners contribute to create the initial assets of the company.It is their function to provide the company with the initial capital required to carry out the company’s activity.Through the contribution each partner allocates a part of his personal assets to the common activity throughout the lifetime of the company and takes on the ent

Les apports sont les prestations auxquelles les associés se sont engagés aux termes du contrat de société.Les apports constituent donc les contributions des associés à la formation du patrimoine initial de la société.Ils ont la fonction de fournir à la société le capital initial pour réaliser l’activité d’entreprise.Par son apport, chacun des associés destine pour toute la durée de vie de la société une partie de sa fortune personnelle à l’activité commune et s’expose au risque d’entreprise: plu

The share capital is a numerical entity that expresses the value of the contributions in monetary terms, as indicated by the valuation expressed in the Memorandum of Association.A share capital of 100 means that the partners have committed to contributing (underwritten capital) and/or have contributed (fully paid-up capital) money or other entities which at the time of the signing of the partnership deed, were attributed that given monetary value.The share capital remains unchanged throughou

It is extremely simple to set up an informal partnership:- the contract needs not be of any special type, except where special types of assets are involved (and except for evidentiary limitations);- all that is needed to set up an informal partnership is the mutual engagement by the partners to jointly carry out a non-commercial profit-making activity;- informal partnerships must be entered into the register of companies. Such registration takes place in a special section and does not imply