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Further comment has appeared on the England and Wales Family Court's decision to pierce the corporate veil in the financial remedy case of Akhmedova v Akhmedov (2018 EWFC 23 Fam). The judge considered it necessary to go against the long-standing legal principle, in response to Farkhad Akhmedov's 'continuing campaign to defeat his ex-wife by concealing his assets in a web of offshore companies', and issued orders to aid her enforcement of the judgment in the Isle of Man and Dubai FATTO

Currency repatriation requirements were extended on 14 April to cover loans issued by Russian residents to foreign borrowers, reducing the opportunities for businesses to shift funds abroad through non-repayable loans.

INTERNATIONAL - UK: Foreign investors may be discouraged by capital gains tax on commercial property

INTERNATIONAL - AUSTRALIA: Consequences of using foreign trusts for capital gains

The Japanese government's 2018 tax reform bill abolishes the recently introduced rule under which the heirs of a long-term resident foreigner who died outside Japan remain liable to Japanese inheritance tax (IHT) on estate assets anywhere in the world. The rule had threatened to derail the government's efforts to attract foreign talent to live and work in Japan, because it meant IHT liability could follow a foreign national for up to five years after leaving the country.

Limited partnership structures can be set up in the BVI from early 2018, in the hope of attracting private equity funds and joint venture vehicles, for which onshore tax transparency is required. They do not need to have a BVI-based general partner.

INTERNATIONAL - FRANCE: Distribution tax refunds to be financed by new 'exceptional' corporation tax

SWISS BANKING: Sweden and the Netherlands demand names of Swiss Banks clients

INTERNATIONAL - UK TRUSTS: Law implementing registers of trusts in force on 26 June 2017

When a property conveyance takes place, the Italian tax laws stipulate the payment of certain taxes and charges which generally must be paid, at the time the notarial contract is stipulated, to the notary himself who thus undertakes the “irksome” task of tax collector. Such taxes are mostly payable by the purchaser. At the time of purchase, the system taxes the “wealth” indirectly manifested by the purchaser which consists of the price paid for the purchase of the property (so-called i

The italian Notary

Notaries have as their essential mission to confer authenticity on the legal instruments and contracts they establish for their clients in various areas of law

Le notaire garantit que l’acte notarié est conforme à la volonté des parties, qu’il l’a vérifié et conformé aux règles impératives de la loi (c’est-à-dire aux normes auxquelles ne peuvent déroger les parties). Il est en effet responsable de la nullité de l’acte notarié si celui-ci est manifestement illicite ou illégal, si l’annulation a lieu à défaut de la capacité légale de l’une des parties d’y participer en raison de son âge ou de son évidente incapacité d’entendre et de vouloir, ou po

Depuis le 12 septembre 2002, le Consiglio Nazionale del Notariato est inscrit dans la liste publique des certificateurs de la signature numérique, tenue par l’AIPA (Autorité pour l’informatique dans l’administration publique), en tant qu’autorité de certification des notaires italiens. Les signatures numériques des notaires italiens peuvent être contrôlées sur le site http://ca.notariato.it Sur la base de la réglementation et du manuel opérationnel de l’autorité de certification, le Consi

Mention must be made of the distinction between real rates and nominal rates. The nominal rate is the percentage of interest that formally appears in the contract and which regulates the home loan operation. In reality, however, the effective cost of the loan is inevitably conditioned by a whole series of other factors: first of all, by various expense items  (survey, review and closure expenses; collection or encashment expenses; third-party agency costs; tax and insurance expenses; othe

The rate of interest is usually set in percentage terms; it may be fixed, which means it is the same for the whole duration of the loan, or variable, which means it is determined with reference to changing parameters that are set by objective, impartial criteria. For example, Euribor is an average quotation for variable rates calculated using objective criteria in the EU financial markets; while I.R.S. (interest instalments swap) is the financial reference parameter for establishing the cost

La loi (articles 2 et 3) prévoit par conséquent qu’au moment de la stipulation du contrat préliminaire, ou de n’importe quel autre contrat ou accord par lequel l’acquéreur ne devient pas immédiatement propriétaire du nouvel immeuble en cours de construction, en contrepartie des obligations souscrites et des sommes avancées ou à payer, le vendeur doit fournir une fidéjussion spécifique (auprès d’une banque ou assurance) en garantie de toutes les sommes remises ou à remettre avant l’acte défin

One of the essential elements in the negotiation of a home loan is the delay allowed for  repayment of the capital, i.e. the duration. In general terms, one may say that the longer the duration of a home loan the lower the amount of each repayment instalment, which gives the borrower more breathing space; all this, however, means paying overall a larger amount in  interest, precisely because the capital is repaid more slowly. The practice also is that a longer duration

Home loans are generally guaranteed by a mortgage and so are the preserve, in our legal system, of the notary. The presence of the notarial profession has become more significant with the recent increase in the number of such contracts, a result of the lower cost of money (though this is still subject to fluctuations) and improvements in living standards that allow an ever greater number of citizens to aspire to the ownership of their home and often of a second home as well. Year after ye

Fluctuations in the cost of money may, in some cases, make it advisable to “make running changes” to the terms of a mortgage: such changes, in economics, are known as renegotiation. There are various legal methods for achieving this: a) discharge of the old home loan and granting of new financing with a new mortgage (“replacement” home loan); b) merely changing the terms of the old home loan (renegotiation in the strictest sense); c) from 2 February 2007, subrog

Lors d’une transaction immobilière, dès ce que nous avons défini comme les phases préliminaires à l’acte définitif, le notaire joue un rôle plutôt délicat et important: il doit vérifier qu’effectivement le vendeur peut vendre librement ce bien et que l’acquéreur pour sa part peut l’acquérir en toute légitimité. Par exemple – et juste pour évoquer certains des aspects les plus importants – le notaire a la fonction de garantir la certitude de l’identité des personnes qui sont parties (en d’

A home loan is a contract whereby one party, called the lender (usually a bank), transfers a given sum of money to a second party known as the borrower, so that the latter may use it for a given time in exchange for paying the former an amount representing interest. To this outline of the essential structure and functions of the contract must be added that a home loan includes various clauses that are not always immediately comprehensible but are necessary for regulating all the relations

Il s’agit d’un contrat par lequel une partie, le bailleur (en général une banque) transfère à une autre, l’emprunteur, une quantité déterminée d’argent pour que cette dernière puisse en jouir pendant une période donnée en échange du paiement à la première d’une somme qui représente les intérêts. Ayant ainsi brossé les grandes lignes et la fonction du contrat, il faudra tout de suite souligner qu’un crédit immobilier est dans la vie concrète couplé à différentes clauses pas toujours immédi

Only legal security in business and private relationships allow for economic development; therefore a constitutional state must guarantee  legal security to its citizens. To this goal: 1) lawsuits  must be prevented, for as much as possible; 2) the citizens must have access  to public registers whose records are reliable and legally trustworthy. Clearly the reliability of the findings depends entirely upon the trustworthiness of the deeds entered. An authentic deed, drawn by a

La société par actions doit se constituer par un acte authentique dans lequel les parties au contrat de société seront identifiées; il ne doit pas nécessairement s’agir de personnes physiques, mais aussi de personnes morales (comme par exemple d’autres sociétés par actions ou des sociétés de personnes, voire des coopératives ou autres organismes).L’acte constitutif devra aussi identifier la commune où se trouve le siège de la société, qui est le lieu où est exercée l’activité sociale, et la rais

With the provisions that entered into force as of 1 January 2004, the dissolution of companies with share capital is governed by new rules.A company may be dissolved because: its term of duration has expired,  the corporate aims have been achieved or circumstances have set in that make it impossible to achieve them, the shareholders’ meeting cannot or will not function, the share capital has dropped to values below the minimum legal requirements (but the company may decide to reconstitute th