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PHILANTHROPY: Ikea's late founder structured business as three foundations

INTERNATIONAL - EU: Court of Justice rules on dynamic IP addresses

INTERNATIONAL - UK: Doubts cast on non-dom reforms' commencement date

La loi prévoit à ce propos deux "attestations" différentes aux fins de la "certification de performance énergétique": - le certificat de qualification énergétique devant jouer le rôle d’instrument de contrôle consécutif du respect, au moment de la construction ou de la rénovation des bâtiments, des dispositions visant une amélioration des performances énergétiques (article 8, deuxième alinéa); - le certificat de performance énergétique, qui jouera un rôle d’instrument d’"information" d

- Si le bien est classé comme “patrimoine culturel” ou soumis à certaines règles de protection du patrimoine artistique ou paysager, il faudra le cas échéant une autorisation des autorités compétentes pour que le bien puisse être vendu, et un droit de préemption est réservé à l’autorité du patrimoine; - il se peut que le bien soit grevé de ce qu’on appelle des formalités (en général des hypothèques) qui font qu’il n’est pas entièrement “libre”; le notaire a la possibilité de vérifier si c

Les crédits obtenus pour le propre logement sont en général garantis par une hypothèque et sont donc, dans notre législation, du ressort du notaire. La présence du notariat devient encore plus évidente après la récente et forte augmentation du nombre de contrats de ce type, due à l’effet du faible coût de l’argent (encore qu’il reste toujours exposé au risque d’oscillations) et de l’amélioration des conditions de vie, qui permettent à un nombre croissant de personnes d’accéder à la propri

As may be observed above, the role of the notary is important in guaranteeing the statements the vendor usually makes at the time the sale takes place. In particular, the vendor is obliged to make known how the asset he is about to sell came into his hands. It may be that he purchased it for a consideration in the normal way, or that he has occupied it for a sufficient number of years to avert any danger of eviction. It may be, however, that the property was donated to the vendor or

Comme on a pu le constater, le notaire joue aussi un rôle important quand il s’agit de donner effectivité aux garanties que le vendeur présente habituellement au moment de la vente du bien. Le vendeur est notamment tenu à faire savoir comment le bien qu’il s’apprête à vendre lui est parvenu. Il se peut qu’il l’ait régulièrement acquis à titre onéreux, ou qu’il le possède depuis un nombre d’années tel que tout risque d’éviction est exclu. Il se peut aussi toutefois que le vendeur ait

Law no. 52 of 1996 introduced rules into the Italian legal system to protect the consumer in his contractual relations with professionals. In order to rationalize regulations which have been complicated by a long sequence of amendments, a Consumer Code was recently published (Legislative Decree no. 206 of 6 September 2005), which contains a thorough reworking of most of the consumer-protection rules. Article 3 of the Consumer Code defines a "consumer" as a physical individual who acts

The limited liability company is intended for smaller companies than joint-stock companies, and the equity participation in the company has a personal connotation which is absent in the s.p.a.  In fact, it has a limited number of shareholders who are not personally responsible for the social security liabilities, even if they have acted in the name and on behalf of the company.The legislation in place as of 1 January 2004 has had a major impact on the limited liability company, which is an e

With the provisions that entered into force as of 1 January 2004, the dissolution of companies with share capital is governed by new rules.A company may be dissolved because: its term of duration has expired,  the corporate aims have been achieved or circumstances have set in that make it impossible to achieve them, the shareholders’ meeting cannot or will not function, the share capital has dropped to values below the minimum legal requirements (but the company may decide to reconstitute th

La loi en vigueur depuis le premier janvier 2004 a mis en place une nouvelle réglementation de la dissolution de la société de capitaux.Les causes de la dissolution sont la survenance du terme prévu, la réalisation de l’objet social ou l’impossibilité constatée de le poursuivre, l’impossibilité de fonctionner ou l’inactivité continue de l’assemblée, la réduction du capital en dessous du seuil légal, à moins que la société ne décide de le reconstituer ou de se transformer en un autre type de soci

In early 2003 the Italian legislator issued a law decree (n° 6 of 17 January 2003) which thoroughly reformed companies limited by shares.  The declared aim was to simplify, where appropriate, and enrich, wherever possible, the rules governing such companies, with a view to increasing their competitiveness on both domestic and international markets.Many changes were made and the following results have been achieved:  a better, though still not complete, co-ordination between the rules governi

The dissolution and liquidation of an s.a.p.a. is governed in general by the rules put forth for companies with share capital and joint-stock companies, to which the reader is referred (please refer to the related paragraph).Besides the ordinary reasons for winding up a company with share capital, there is an additional reason which holds only for limited partnerships with share capital, i.e. the case in which all the unlimited partners step down from office and they are not replaced within

IL PATTO DI FAMIGLIA 1. IntroduzioneCon l’introduzione nel nostro ordinamento del “patto di famiglia”, istituto da tempo atteso e caldeggiato, la trasmissione della ricchezza familiare, prevalentemente rappresentata dall’impresa e/o caratterizzata da una predominante dimensione mobiliare, può essere oggi programmata con lungimiranza.Per lungo (forse troppo) tempo le norme che nel nostro ordinamento disciplinano le successioni mortis causa sono rimaste del tutto indifferent

I contratti tra familiari aventi ad oggetto la successione nell’ azienda di famiglia non sono dunque più vietati: la legge consente ora di stipulare il cosiddetto “patto di famiglia” e cioè di pattuire tra i membri di una certa famiglia la “destinazione” delle attività economiche di titolarità di un determinato soggetto appartenente alla famiglia medesima in vista della sua successione; e ciò senza che alcuna contestazione sia più sollevabile verso la “sistemazione” così organizzata.Per comp