Risultati ricerca

Further comment has appeared on the England and Wales Family Court's decision to pierce the corporate veil in the financial remedy case of Akhmedova v Akhmedov (2018 EWFC 23 Fam). The judge considered it necessary to go against the long-standing legal principle, in response to Farkhad Akhmedov's 'continuing campaign to defeat his ex-wife by concealing his assets in a web of offshore companies', and issued orders to aid her enforcement of the judgment in the Isle of Man and Dubai FATTO

ESTATE DISPUTES: Some important judgments from last month

EUROPEAN COMMISSION: Companies to be prevented from moving tax residency

The Privy Council has handed down judgment in Investec Trust (Guernsey) v Glenalla Properties (2018 UKPC 7), in which the former trustees of the Tchenguiz Discretionary Trust had made loans of over GBP200 million to various BVI companies.

Trustees cannot simply brush aside beneficiaries' request for information

INTERNATIONAL - SPAIN: Foreign nationals can sue government over inheritance tax discrimination, following Supreme Court ruling

INTERNATIONAL - UK: Foreign investors may be discouraged by capital gains tax on commercial property

PHILANTHROPY: Ikea's late founder structured business as three foundations

INTERNATIONAL - UK: Legislation this summer on register of foreign property-owners

INTERNATIONAL - FRANCE: Wealth property tax has significant effects for non-residents

The Japanese government's 2018 tax reform bill abolishes the recently introduced rule under which the heirs of a long-term resident foreigner who died outside Japan remain liable to Japanese inheritance tax (IHT) on estate assets anywhere in the world. The rule had threatened to derail the government's efforts to attract foreign talent to live and work in Japan, because it meant IHT liability could follow a foreign national for up to five years after leaving the country.

TRUST - NETHERLANDS: Tougher regulation of trust offices

INTERNATIONAL - AUSTRALIA: Foreign investors to pay annual charge on vacant properties

MUTUI - La Guida di Banca d'Italia al mutuo ipotecario in lingua inglese

WEALTH MANAGEMENT - FRANCE: Foreign resident's children cannot invoke forced heirship law

TRUST E AFFIDAMENTO FIDUCIARIO - Convegno a DLA Piper il 26 ottobre

INTERNATIONAL - MATRIMONIAL: Russian woman reportedly claims GBP11.6 billion from ex-husband

US: Trump proposes territorial tax system

INTERNATIONAL - UK: Doubts cast on non-dom reforms' commencement date

INTERNATIONAL - European Union: Taxation at source must take into account non-resident taxpayer's domestic costs

The italian Notary

A sale or purchase proposal is a document the parties may sign before the conveyance proper. It consists, alternatively, of a manifestation of the owner's willingness to sell to a probable purchaser or a manifestation of a possible purchaser's willingness to buy from the owner: in both cases by acceptance of the proposal, believe it or not, the contract of sale is concluded and becomes binding for both parties. Furthermore, the purchase or sale proposal is usually irrevocable: the signato

It often happens that, after a prospective property has been inspected and chosen, substantial agreement is reached with the other party even if this is not yet formalized in written form. It is advisable to contact a notary at this early stage before signing the preliminary contract (the so-called “compromesso”). In the preliminary contract, both signatories undertake to stipulate the definitive sale contract by a certain date and on given conditions. The preliminary agreement (even i

En Italie et dans le monde, le phénomène associatif jouit, depuis de nombreuses années désormais, d’une considération particulièrement ample, et d’un enthousiasme croissant. Cette attention généralisée s’explique par la conscience, largement répandue, que les idées, les rêves et les projets que tout individu forme tout au long de son existence peuvent se concrétiser, non seulement par des actions individuelles, mais aussi à travers un parcours conduisant plusieurs personnes à conjuguer leurs

On dit: mais à quoi donc sert un notaire? En Angleterre et aux Etats-Unis, on peut tout aussi bien acheter une maison tout seul et être protégé par les assurances. C’est vrai; dommage que le solicitor, l’avocat dont on ne peut se passer de l’assistance, coûte beaucoup plus cher que le notaire et que, la plupart du temps, les assurances sont réticentes à rembourser les dommages. Au fond, la différence entre les deux systèmes consiste à prévenir plutôt que guérir. Il est aisé de percevoi

Le notaire fournit une prestation complexe dans l’exercice d’une fonction publique de l’État, qu’il pratique comme libre profession. L’acte authentique, loin de n’intéresser que la relation entre les parties, comporte une valeur ajoutée sous un triple aspect:- la sécurité du contrat, qui évite aux parties de longs et coûteux litiges en justice;- sa force exécutoire en termes de récupération des crédits et de preuve privilégiée dans les procès;- la certitude générale des droits, en r

Depuis le 12 septembre 2002, le Consiglio Nazionale del Notariato est inscrit dans la liste publique des certificateurs de la signature numérique, tenue par l’AIPA (Autorité pour l’informatique dans l’administration publique), en tant qu’autorité de certification des notaires italiens. Les signatures numériques des notaires italiens peuvent être contrôlées sur le site http://ca.notariato.it Sur la base de la réglementation et du manuel opérationnel de l’autorité de certification, le Consi

Le notaire italien appartient à la famille des notariats de type latin, présents dans 76 nations et dans la plupart des pays européens, tels que la France, l’Allemagne, la Suisse, l’Espagne, les Pays-Bas, la Belgique, l’Autriche, et d’autres encore. Le notary public de type anglo-saxon (présent en Grande-Bretagne, aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays) n’est responsable que de l’authenticité des signatures: ce qui oblige lors de l’achat ou de la vente d’un logement chacune des parties à re

The rate of interest is usually set in percentage terms; it may be fixed, which means it is the same for the whole duration of the loan, or variable, which means it is determined with reference to changing parameters that are set by objective, impartial criteria. For example, Euribor is an average quotation for variable rates calculated using objective criteria in the EU financial markets; while I.R.S. (interest instalments swap) is the financial reference parameter for establishing the cost

Le taux  des intérêts s’exprime habituellement en pour cent; il peut être fixe, restant identique pendant toute la durée de l’emprunt, ou variable, lorsqu’il est établi par référence à des paramètres changeants qui seront déterminés en fonction de critères objectifs et indépendants. Ainsi, l’Euribor est une cotation (moyenne) de taux révisables définie suivant des critères objectifs sur le marché financier de l’U.E.; alors que l’I.R.S. (interest rate swap) est le paramètre financier de référ

Following marriage, unless an explicit declaration to the contrary is made at the time of the ceremony, spouses find themselves in a shared property arrangement, this being the automatic legal regime in force in our system since 20/9/1975. This means that any purchase made by a spouse during the marriage is subject to legal community (or, simply put, is common property) with the other. The law excludes (to take a few of the more important cases) only assets acquired by donation or inherit

One of the essential elements in the negotiation of a home loan is the delay allowed for  repayment of the capital, i.e. the duration. In general terms, one may say that the longer the duration of a home loan the lower the amount of each repayment instalment, which gives the borrower more breathing space; all this, however, means paying overall a larger amount in  interest, precisely because the capital is repaid more slowly. The practice also is that a longer duration

Un des éléments essentiels de la négociation d’un contrat de prêt est l’échelonnement accordé pour la restitution du capital prêté, donc la durée. On peut dire en termes généraux qu’une durée plus longue de l’emprunt comporte une diminution relative du montant de chaque tranche d’amortissement, ce qui diminue la pression sur l’emprunteur; d’autre part, tout ceci comporte globalement le paiement d’un montant plus élevé en termes d’intérêts, précisément parce que le capital sera remboursé plus

In general terms, our law permits the purchase of real estate by foreigners in the following different ways:1) non-resident foreigner: only if covered by an international treaty or there is a reciprocal arrangement whereby his country of origin allows an Italian to purchase a house;2) "resident" foreigner, his family members and stateless persons resident in Italy for less than three years: with a temporary residence permit for specific reasons or a long-term residence permit;3) citizen of the E

In "land credit" contracts, the borrower has the legally-assured option of early repayment of the home loan; but generally, even in ordinary contracts, that possibility is foreseen. The borrower may decide, therefore, at a certain point in the repayment plan, to close out the contract and repay the remaining capital, on which obviously he will no longer pay interest. Given this loss of earnings, the bank could, if the contract so stipulates, demand compensation (a penalty). According to a

Dans les contrats de "crédit foncier", la loi offre à l’emprunteur la possibilité de rembourser le prêt en avance; en général cependant, les contrats de droit ordinaire aussi prévoient cette faculté. Arrivé à un certain moment de l’amortissement, l’emprunteur peut donc décider de mettre fin au contrat en restituant le capital qu’il doit encore et sur lequel bien entendu il ne paiera plus d’intérêts. À cause de ce manque à gagner, la banque pouvait, si le contrat le prévoyait, demander une

After long years of waiting, the decree-law that introduces greater protection for the purchasers of houses that are in the process of being built has finally been published in the Official Gazette (6 July 2005, n° 155).  The measures introduced under this new law will have a major impact: indeed, according to estimates made by trade associations, since 1995 more than 200,000 Italian families have been involved in thousands of bankruptcies of construction firms. Decree Law n° 122 of 20 Ju

Une loi qu’on attend depuis des années Au bout de longues années d’attente, le Journal Officiel (du 6 juillet 2005 n° 155) a enfin publié le décret législatif qui protège mieux ceux qui achètent un logement en cours de construction. Les innovations mises en place ont une portée sociale très forte:comme simple exemple, d’après les estimations de certaines associations de catégorie, plus de 200.000 familles italiennes ont été impliquées dans les milliers de faillites d’entreprises de constr

In a property conveyance, right from what we have called the preparatory phase before the definitive contract, the notary plays a rather delicate and important role: determining whether in fact the vendor is free to sell the asset and whether the purchaser in his turn may legitimately acquire it. For example - to cite just a few of the more important aspects - the notary's tasks include certifying the personal identity of the parties (in other words that the vendor and hence the owner of

Lors d’une transaction immobilière, dès ce que nous avons défini comme les phases préliminaires à l’acte définitif, le notaire joue un rôle plutôt délicat et important: il doit vérifier qu’effectivement le vendeur peut vendre librement ce bien et que l’acquéreur pour sa part peut l’acquérir en toute légitimité. Par exemple – et juste pour évoquer certains des aspects les plus importants – le notaire a la fonction de garantir la certitude de l’identité des personnes qui sont parties (en d’

Sales must be subject to stamp duty (so sales subject to VAT are excluded) and the purchasers must be physical persons who are not acting in the interests of a commercial, artistic or professional business activity. So the price-value system also applies to sales made by companies, businesses or entities, so long as the purchasers are "physical persons" and the transaction is subject to stamp duty (not VAT). In other words, in addition to all sales where both parties are “private”, the price-val

Law no. 52 of 1996 introduced rules into the Italian legal system to protect the consumer in his contractual relations with professionals. In order to rationalize regulations which have been complicated by a long sequence of amendments, a Consumer Code was recently published (Legislative Decree no. 206 of 6 September 2005), which contains a thorough reworking of most of the consumer-protection rules. Article 3 of the Consumer Code defines a "consumer" as a physical individual who acts

La loi n° 52 de 1996 a introduit dans la législation italienne des normes de protection des consommateurs dans leurs relations contractuelles avec les professionnels. Pour rationaliser la réglementation, alourdie par de nombreuses interventions législatives successives, on a récemment promulgué le Code de la consommation (décret-loi du 6 septembre 2005 n° 206), qui contient un remaniement global de la majeure partie des normes visant la protection du consommateur. Aux termes de l'artic

Latin notaries  (at least  in Europe)  have a law degree. They may or may not have passed the bar examination. In  Italy, however, they are not allowed to practice both legal professions at the same time. To be allowed to practice the notarial profession, they must get through a very rigorous and competitive examination and, unlike the solicitors, their number is fixed by the law. In most civil law countries, the Latin notary is compelled to avail his services to whoever asks for th

In order to grant a home loan, the bank requires a guarantee: by definition, the most common of these is the mortgage. A mortgage gives the bank the right to be repaid from the proceeds of any forced sale of the asset offered as collateral, with priority over other creditors. A mortgage has better legal standing if it is a first mortgage, i.e. if there are no higher-priority mortgages: a "land credit" guarantee generally requires a first mortgage. A mortgage is established over the

These must be residential properties and related accessories (garages, cellars, etc). As the taxation department itself confirmed (Telefisco 2006), the benefits extend to accessories without limit as to number and even if purchased separately from the principal asset, so long as their intended use as accessories is specified in the purchase contract. The system also applies to purchases of housing and accessories that are ineligible for the benefits foreseen for “primary residences”. So a

As has been seen above, in order to determine the type of tax and the amount and means of payment of the sums due for duties on the purchase of a so-called primary residence, one must first of all take into account the nature of the vendor. When the vendor is the company that built (or renovated) the property and four years have not elapsed since completion, the conveyance is subject to VAT that the purchaser must pay directly to the company and not to the notary, along with the payment o

A property regime is the set of rules that govern property and the manner of administering assets belonging to a married couple so long as the marriage lasts and when the marriage ends for any reason (death, divorce).In other words, the property regime stipulates the rights that each spouse has over assets acquired (by one or other of the spouses or by both) during the marriage, both for the duration of the marriage and in the case where the marriage ends.In Italy the “normal” regime established

The limited liability company is intended for smaller companies than joint-stock companies, and the equity participation in the company has a personal connotation which is absent in the s.p.a.  In fact, it has a limited number of shareholders who are not personally responsible for the social security liabilities, even if they have acted in the name and on behalf of the company.The legislation in place as of 1 January 2004 has had a major impact on the limited liability company, which is an e

Limited partners are excluded, in principle, from managing the company.However, they may negotiate or conclude individual deals on behalf of the company, providing they have received a specific proxy or authorisation empowering them to do so.Each limited partner is responsible for social security liabilities in a degree that is proportionate to the contribution they made to the company. Accordingly he/she does not assume any other risks, except that of losing the value of the capital he/she

The functioning of the company with share capital, in its traditional model, is based on the necessary simultaneous presence of three bodies:  the shareholders’ meeting, the board of directors and the board of statutory auditors, each of which has its own distinct sphere of competence. Accounts are audited by an auditor or by an audit firm, except for closed companies where this is decided in the By-laws.The shareholders’ meeting, which is a sovereign body since it is empowered to decide on

From the historic and regulatory point of view, the joint-stock company is the prototype of the company with share capital whose body of rules apply to the limited partnerships with share capital (s.a.p.a.), with which it is compatible, and in some respects they are very close to the rules that govern the limited liability company, which however makes little reference to the rules on joint-stock companies, which consequently do not directly apply. The joint-stock company (s.p.a.) differs fro

Dans l’optique historique et normative, la société par actions est le prototype de la société de capitaux, et sa réglementation analytique est compatible avec, et donc applicable également à la société en commandite par actions et reprend dans une certaine mesure le modèle des normes sur la société à responsabilité limitée, qui, contrairement au système précédent, ne comporte cependant que des renvois sporadiques et limités aux normes en matière de société par actions, qui par conséquent ne peuv

The rules described for the s.n.c. also apply to the establishment of an s.a.s.The Memorandum of Association must comply with the same requirements, in form and content, as those laid down for the s.n.c.An additional requirement is that the unlimited partners and the limited partners be distinctly indicated.The Memorandum of Association of the s.a.s. are to be entered in the Register of Companies. If this is not done the partnership is irregular and the provisions that shall apply are less favou

Once upon a time it was enough to say that a foreigner was someone who was not an Italian citizen. This definition – to be clear – is still valid. Except that Article 17 of the EC Treaty institutes a citizenship of the European Union which is attributed to anyone who is a citizen of a Member State. Belonging to the European Union brings with it various consequences, some of which are very important, like the prohibition on

Co-operatives are associations of persons which are protected in the Italian Constitution:  in fact Article 45 of the Italian Constitution states: “the Constitution recognises the social function of co-operative societies that are based on the values of solidarity and that do not pursue goals of private profit”.In co-operatives predominant importance is ascribed to the social function, which consists in implementing a democratic decentralisation of the power of organisation and management of

Les sociétés coopératives sont des organismes protégés par la Constitution: l’article 45 de la Constitution dit en effet que "la constitution reconnaît la fonction sociale de la coopération à caractère mutualiste et sans but de spéculation privée".Dans les coopératives c’est la fonction sociale qui joue un rôle prédominant, puisqu’elle veut réaliser une décentralisation démocratique du pouvoir d’organisation et de gestion de la production et, par la même occasion, une diffusion majeure et plus é

The individual partnership may be resolved following the exclusion of a partner from the company.In some cases this occurs by law (e.g. in cases of bankruptcy), while in other cases the exclusion is decided by the other partners, when circumstances envisaged by the law or by the  partnership contract occur. Your Notary public will describe such cases to you.In all the cases examined thus far in which the relationship of a single partner ends as a result of death, withdrawal or exclusion, the

If for any reason a partner no longer wishes to belong to the company, he may exercise the right of withdrawal.In particular, if the company was set up for an indefinite period of time or for the lifetime of one of the partners, each partner may withdraw freely.Otherwise, if the company is for a definite period of time, withdrawal is admitted by law only in the case of a just cause.The partnership contract may in any case envisage other circumstances in which a partner may withdraw, specifyi

In order to do business often huge investments are required and often a single person may not have that amount of financial means. Doing business through a company enables several people to invest and work together so that each individual may then enjoy the benefits of the activity carried out proportionately to the amount of work done and to the quota of investments made.A participation (share or quota) of the capital of the company is assigned to the partner in return for the assets he has

Les sujets souhaitant s’associer, qu’il s’agisse de personnes physiques, de sociétés, d’associations ou d’organismes en général, doivent avoir la capacité d’agir, la capacité d’accomplir valablement des actes juridiques.Les sociétés de capitaux peuvent-elles être associées à une société de personnes? La question a été controversée jusqu’à il n’y a pas longtemps, mais la législation en vigueur depuis le premier janvier 2004 y a donné une réponse affirmative.La participation aux sociétés d’autres