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TRUST - Il guardiano come condebitore solidale delle imposte dovute per l'atto istitutivo

Further comment has appeared on the England and Wales Family Court's decision to pierce the corporate veil in the financial remedy case of Akhmedova v Akhmedov (2018 EWFC 23 Fam). The judge considered it necessary to go against the long-standing legal principle, in response to Farkhad Akhmedov's 'continuing campaign to defeat his ex-wife by concealing his assets in a web of offshore companies', and issued orders to aid her enforcement of the judgment in the Isle of Man and Dubai FATTO

The Privy Council has handed down judgment in Investec Trust (Guernsey) v Glenalla Properties (2018 UKPC 7), in which the former trustees of the Tchenguiz Discretionary Trust had made loans of over GBP200 million to various BVI companies.

ESTATE DISPUTES: Hallyday family wins estate asset freeze while forced-heirship litigation continues

IMPOSTA DI REGISTRO - Non retroattive le modifiche all'art. 20 TUR

SOCIETA' - Oggetto sociale

INTERNATIONAL - FRANCE: Distribution tax refunds to be financed by new 'exceptional' corporation tax

IMPOSTA DI REGISTRO - Norma generale antielusiva

INTERNATIONAL - INDIA: Highest court rules that three days per year is enough to create permanent establishment

Come trovare un testamento

The italian Notary

The civil law notary is at one and the same time a public official representing the State, and a professional expert in the juridical field. He/she is appointed by the Ministry of Justice and is assigned by the latter to a single Municipality, although, if required, he/she is empowered to carry out his/her functions throughout the territory of the District in which the place he/she is assigned to is located, coinciding approximately with that of the Province. Accordingly, although he/s

Le notaire est à la fois un officier public qui représente l’Etat et un expert dans le domaine juridique. Il est nommé par le Ministère de la Justice, et assigné par celui-ci à une Commune, avec toutefois la faculté d’exercer ses fonctions, le cas échéant, sur tout le territoire du District où est situé son siège d’assignation, et qui correspond à peu près à celui de la Province. Bien qu’il soit donc «physiquement» ancré à son territoire de référence, tout notaire peut, toujours en res

Se si tratta di reperire un testamento pubblico o segreto oppure un testamento olografo depositato fiduciariamente presso un notaio, bisogna interpellare (qualora se ne conosca il nominativo) il notaio depositario oppure, se questi abbia cessato l’attività, l’Archivio Notarile dove sono stati riversati i suoi atti. Se il testatore non ha lasciato indicazioni sul nome del notaio depositario del testamento (ciò che si rende evidentemente consigliabile), la ricerca del notai

In base al contenuto il diritto viene classificato in: - diritto oggettivo: è l’insieme delle norme giuridiche obiettive e uniformi che regolano l’agire umano e la vita collettiva in un ordinamento giuridico.Il diritto oggettivo viene di solito distinto in diritto pubblico e diritto privato: il primo è diretto a disciplinare la formazione, l'organizzazione e l'attività dello Stato e degli enti pubblici, nonché i rapporti che essi intrattengono con i privati; il secondo interviene a regolare

L'art. 67, comma 1, lett. a), del d.p.r. n. 917/1986 parla di lottizzazione di terreni, o l'esecuzione di opere intese a renderli edificabili, e la successiva vendita, anche parziale, dei terreni e degli edifici. La norma è stata interpretata nel senso che si richiede - per realizzare la fattispecie in oggetto - il frazionamento di un terreno in una pluralità di lotti, e la necessaria realizzazione di una pluralità di edifici. L'amministrazione finanziaria ha precisato che costituisce lottiz

COMPRAVENDITA - Certificazione energetica

Il notariato italiano appartiene alla famiglia dei notariati di tipo latino, presenti in novantuno Paesi del mondo e nella maggior parte dei Paesi europei, come Francia, Germania, Svizzera, Spagna, Paesi Bassi, Belgio, Austria, ed altri ancora. Il notary public di tipo anglosassone (presente in Gran Bretagna, negli USA ed in altri Paesi) è responsabile solo dell'autenticità delle firme: questo obbliga chi, ad esempio, compra e vende una casa a ricorrere al

Mention must be made of the distinction between real rates and nominal rates. The nominal rate is the percentage of interest that formally appears in the contract and which regulates the home loan operation. In reality, however, the effective cost of the loan is inevitably conditioned by a whole series of other factors: first of all, by various expense items  (survey, review and closure expenses; collection or encashment expenses; third-party agency costs; tax and insurance expenses; othe

The rate of interest is usually set in percentage terms; it may be fixed, which means it is the same for the whole duration of the loan, or variable, which means it is determined with reference to changing parameters that are set by objective, impartial criteria. For example, Euribor is an average quotation for variable rates calculated using objective criteria in the EU financial markets; while I.R.S. (interest instalments swap) is the financial reference parameter for establishing the cost

Legalization is indispensable for a foreign public document to be valid in Italy. It consists only of the official certification - by the competent Italian consular or diplomatic authority abroad – of the legal status of the public official (or functionary) who has signed the document and the authenticity of his signature. If the document is issued by a foreign authority in Italy, it must be legalized by the Prefect in the district in which the foreign authority is located (except for the

The purchase of a home is always an important step in our lives. Just as the sale of a property also carries significant overtones: from investment decisions, to the reordering of assets, to the need for generational change. Whether it be the purchase or the sale of a property, it is not something to be taken lightly. Indeed, these are extremely complex operations that are full of pitfalls and that cannot be undertaken without the advice of an expert. Are you aware of the rights and oblig

Home loans are generally guaranteed by a mortgage and so are the preserve, in our legal system, of the notary. The presence of the notarial profession has become more significant with the recent increase in the number of such contracts, a result of the lower cost of money (though this is still subject to fluctuations) and improvements in living standards that allow an ever greater number of citizens to aspire to the ownership of their home and often of a second home as well. Year after ye

In a property conveyance, right from what we have called the preparatory phase before the definitive contract, the notary plays a rather delicate and important role: determining whether in fact the vendor is free to sell the asset and whether the purchaser in his turn may legitimately acquire it. For example - to cite just a few of the more important aspects - the notary's tasks include certifying the personal identity of the parties (in other words that the vendor and hence the owner of

A home loan is a contract whereby one party, called the lender (usually a bank), transfers a given sum of money to a second party known as the borrower, so that the latter may use it for a given time in exchange for paying the former an amount representing interest. To this outline of the essential structure and functions of the contract must be added that a home loan includes various clauses that are not always immediately comprehensible but are necessary for regulating all the relations

Only legal security in business and private relationships allow for economic development; therefore a constitutional state must guarantee  legal security to its citizens. To this goal: 1) lawsuits  must be prevented, for as much as possible; 2) the citizens must have access  to public registers whose records are reliable and legally trustworthy. Clearly the reliability of the findings depends entirely upon the trustworthiness of the deeds entered. An authentic deed, drawn by a

If the parties wish to join forces by setting up a partnership, they can do this also by setting up a limited partnership (hereafter referred to as an s.a.s.).In general, the s.a.s. is governed by rules that govern the general partnership (for which in turn, reference is made to the rules laid down for informal partnerships), except for the specific provisions which will be examined below.Such a partnership is characterised by the presence of two categories of partners:- unlimited partners,

In early 2003 the Italian legislator issued a law decree (n° 6 of 17 January 2003) which thoroughly reformed companies limited by shares.  The declared aim was to simplify, where appropriate, and enrich, wherever possible, the rules governing such companies, with a view to increasing their competitiveness on both domestic and international markets.Many changes were made and the following results have been achieved:  a better, though still not complete, co-ordination between the rules governi

On the basis of the provisions in force as of 1 January 2004, the administration of joint-stock companies may be organised according to three separate models:  the traditional model, the monistic model (of Anglo-Saxon origin) and the two-tier model (of German origin).In the traditional model, the directors have the task of running the company, and are accordingly provided with the power of being pro-active i.e. promoting the decision-making activity of the meeting (power of initiative), of i

In general partnerships too it may happen that, in the course of the company’s existence, the partners may wish to amend the partnership deed.Unless otherwise agreed, such changes must be adopted unanimously (except for when the company is turned into a company with share capital, or when mergers or demergers are carried out),  and must be written in a public deed or in an authenticated private contract, just like the partnership deed, since the law prescribes that also these amendments must

Informal partnerships are the most elementary form of enterprise.The fundamental characteristic of an informal partnership is that the scope of its activities is limited to non-commercial profit-making economic activities.The scope of an informal partnership may therefore include:- agricultural activities, with certain limitations because:   the purpose of the enterprise cannot be merely that of using assets, but must consist in the joint operation of a business activity;  taci

Solo dall’inizio degli anni ’90, prima assi timidamente, poi in modo sempre più effettivo, il trust ha fatto la sua “comparsa” nel nostro ordinamento. In precedenza il trust era considerato come una “stranezza” inglese o americana, a noi per lo più incomprensibile e comunque estranea; da quando la ratifica italiana della Convenzione dell’Aja l’ha alfine sdoganato, una parte di coloro che vi si sono avvicinati è stata attirata, se non da un fenomeno “alla moda”, dal miraggio di poterne fare u

Non possono acquisire la qualifica di impresa sociale le amministrazioni pubbliche (e cioè le amministrazioni dello Stato, ivi compresi gli istituti e scuole di ogni ordine e grado e le istituzioni educative, le aziende ed amministrazioni dello Stato ad ordinamento autonomo, le Regioni, le Province, i Comuni, le Comunità montane, e loro consorzi e associazioni, le istituzioni universitarie, gli Istituti autonomi case popolari, le Camere di commercio, industria, artigianato e agricoltura e lo

In  share capital companies the financial autonomy is perfect in that the shareholders are accountable for the debts of the company only in proportion to the share they hold.This means:- that the personal creditors of a shareholder can never receive payment from the company;- that creditors of the company, in turn, can never expect the members to use their personal assets to pay for the company’s debts.The financial circumstances of the shareholder of a company with share capital will never

Gli stranieri “extra-comunitari” possono avere con il nostro Paese rapporti molto diversi: ci sono i semplici turisti, coloro che soggiornano nel nostro paese per tempi più lunghi (ad esempio per motivi di studio, o per cure mediche, etc.), ovvero per stabilirvisi stabilmente.La legge italiana regola diversamente  le varie ipotesi, in particolare distinguendo, tra gli extra-comunitari, coloro che sono “regolarmente soggiornanti” (mutuando dall’inglese: “resident aliens”) da coloro che sono

Le associazioni non riconosciute sono di regola enti composti da più persone associate tra loro che non hanno voluto richiedere il riconoscimento o che non l’hanno ottenuto o per i quali è ancora pendente il relativo procedimento.Le associazioni non riconosciute non sono persone giuridiche, e pertanto nei confronti loro e dei singoli associati non operano i benefici conseguenti all’ autonomia patrimoniale propri degli enti riconosciuti. Ciò nonostante anche nelle associazioni non riconosciut

Throughout the life of the company the partners may modify the partnership contract but this requires a unanimous vote, unless otherwise agreed and except for the case in which the company were to be turned into a  stock company, for mergers and spin offs, in which cases (unless otherwise decided in the shareholders’ agreement on which you should be advised by your notary) a simple majority is required by law.  The majority is established on the basis of the share of profits attributed to ea

Anche se legalmente residente in Italia (cioè entrato in modo legale in Italia) non si può considerare “regolarmente soggiornante” (e quindi ad esempio può acquistare immobili in Italia solo a “condizione di reciprocità”) lo straniero extra-comunitario provvisto di:a) semplice visto di ingresso; b) soggiorno per breve durata (visite, affari, turismo,giustizia, attesa di emigrazione ad altro Paese, esercizio di funzioni di culto, soggiorno in case di cura, istituti religiosi o civili, ospedali, o

The relationship between a partner and the company ends automatically when the partner dies. Within six months from his death, the surviving partners have the duty of returning the share held by the dead partner to his heirs. The surviving partners are not obliged to accept that the heirs of the deceased member should succeed him by taking his place in the company.The surviving partners have two options they can choose from. They may either decide:- to wind up the company in advance;- to car