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Studio Notarile Busani - Via Cordusio, 2 20123 Milano - Partita Iva: 01681340343 TRATTAMENTO DATI PERSONALI – INFORMATIVA PRIVACY Lo Studio Notarile Busani effettua il trattamento dei dati personali sensibili e comuni, su supporto cartaceo o digitale, per svolgere le attività derivanti dalle relazioni in essere

TRUST - Quando il trust può servire per protezione del proprio patrimonio

The Privy Council ruling in Investec v Glenalla is being welcomed as good news for Guernsey, by reassuring settlors that assets in a Guernsey or Jersey trust are protected from creditors even if the trustee unreasonably incurs a liability or acts in breach of trust and thus invalidates its indemnity. The decision will prove to be of huge importance to settlors, beneficiaries and trustees across the offshore world, said Nick Robison of Guernsey law firm Babbé, which represented the trustees. FATT

ESTATE DISPUTES: Some important judgments from last month

'Foundation company' vehicle established in Cayman Islands

INTERNATIONAL - UK, TRUSTS: online trusts register is delayed

INTERNATIONAL - GERMANY: Restriction of loss relief declared unconstitutional

INTERNATIONAL - EU: Court of Justice rules on dynamic IP addresses

INTERNATIONAL - UK: Information Commissioner warns of privacy threat from public registers of trusts

INTERNATIONAL - UK: Doubts cast on non-dom reforms' commencement date

TRUST - Il voto del protector nell'assemblea della Srl

The italian Notary

It often happens that, after a prospective property has been inspected and chosen, substantial agreement is reached with the other party even if this is not yet formalized in written form. It is advisable to contact a notary at this early stage before signing the preliminary contract (the so-called “compromesso”). In the preliminary contract, both signatories undertake to stipulate the definitive sale contract by a certain date and on given conditions. The preliminary agreement (even i

Il arrive fréquemment que, après avoir vu et choisi le bien immobilier à acheter, on se mette d’accord en grandes lignes avec la contrepartie, même si rien n’a encore été formalisé noir sur blanc. Il convient alors absolument dès ce moment de s’adresser au notaire, même avant la signature de l’avant-contrat d’achat/vente (qu’on appelle compromis). En effet, par l’avant-contrat les deux parties s’engagent à conclure avant une certaine date et à des conditions précises le contrat définit

The following are examples of what needs to be included in a proposal for sale or purchase and in a preliminary contract: - the precise description of the asset or assets; - the exact identification of the owner or owners and of the purchaser or purchasers; - the obligations of the vendor and of the purchaser; - the price of the sale and method of payment; - the conditions of the conveyance and relevant guarantees; - documentation of the history of the asset or assets; -

Vous trouverez ici à titre d’exemple les points obligatoires à inclure dans une proposition de vente ou d’achat et dans un avant-contrat de mutation onéreuse: - la description précise du bien ou des biens;- l’identification exacte du propriétaire ou des propriétaires et de l’acquéreur ou des acquéreurs;- les obligations du vendeur et de l’acheteur;- le prix de la vente et les modalités de paiement;- les conditions de la transaction et les garanties qui l’accompagnent;- les documents indiq

Notaries and real estates

Notaries and real estates

Notaries and business

1) Il disponente (settlor) istituisce il trust indicando lo scopo da perseguire con riguardo ai beni che sono destinati all’attuazione del trust 2) Il disponente nomina il trustee (che può essere una persona fisica o una persona giuridica), indicandogli quali sono gli scopi che nella sua attività egli deve perseguire in riferimento ai beni immessi nel trust 3) Il disponente nomina i beneficiari del trust: si tratta dei soggetti che, a seconda dei casi, beneficiano dei red

Nell’epoca di acuta crisi economica che da molti mesi stiamo vivendo, si moltiplicano le responsabilità e i rischi imprenditoriali e professionali, cosicchè spesso la richiesta di istituire un trust è connessa allo scopo di realizzare la protezione del patrimonio personale rispetto all’eventualità che i creditori possano rivolgere le loro pretese sui beni del debitore: non solo i beni "professionali" o aziendali, ma anche quelli di stretto utilizzo personale (come la casa di abitazione o la casa

Se il trust non può certo prescindere dalla volontà del disponente che lo istituisce, il ruolo centrale del trust comunque spetta senz’altro al trustee, e cioè al soggetto che il disponente designa al fine di perseguire lo scopo per il quale il trust viene istituito e per renderlo proprietario dei beni del trust. Il trustee è l’unico dei soggetti del trust il cui nome non è stato tradotto dall’inglese: infatti, il termine settlor è stato tradotto con "disponente", il termine beneficiary è st

La figura fondamentale del trust è il soggetto che lo istituisce: in inglese "settlor" in italiano "disponente": è colui che detta le regole del trust, che ne indica lo scopo e che inizialmente nomina uno o più trustee; di solito, il disponente indica anche i beneficiari (oppure le regole per individuarli) nonché uno o più protector. Il trustee è colui che diviene proprietario dei beni destinati dal disponente alla realizzazione degli scopi del trust (nonché di quelli acquisiti durante la vigenz

Gli operatori sono soliti distinguere anzitutto tra trust liberale, finalizzato ad esigenze personali o familiari del disponente, e trust commerciale, vale a dire il trust utilizzabile per risolvere problematiche imprenditoriali. Per trust revocabile si intende il trust che il disponente può far cessare a sua discrezione: questo trust non è riconosciuto dal fisco in quanto si tratta in pratica di un semplice mandato ad amministrare (e quindi per questa ragione che occorre evitare di costruir

Settlor, trustee e beneficiary sono i soggetti del trust, un istituto giuridico anglosassone che sta prendendo piede anche in Italia, in seguito alla ratifica della Convenzione dell’Aja. Attraverso il trust, il costituente (settlor) trasferisce la proprietà di uno o più beni a un fiduciario (trustee). Il compito del trustee è quello di gestire tali beni attendendosi alle direttive del settlor e alle norme di legge applicabili, nell’interesse del beneficiary. Il trust è uno strumento utilizzato p

Settlor, trustee e beneficiary sono i soggetti del trust, un istituto giuridico anglosassone che sta prendendo piede anche in Italia, in seguito alla ratifica della Convenzione dell’Aja. Attraverso il trust, il costituente (settlor) trasferisce la proprietà di uno o più beni a un fiduciario (trustee). Il compito del trustee è quello di gestire tali beni attendendosi alle direttive del settlor e alle norme di legge applicabili, nell’interesse del beneficiary. Il trust è uno strumento utilizzato p

Settlor, trustee e beneficiary sono i soggetti del trust, un istituto giuridico anglosassone che sta prendendo piede anche in Italia, in seguito alla ratifica della Convenzione dell’Aja. Attraverso il trust, il costituente (settlor) trasferisce la proprietà di uno o più beni a un fiduciario (trustee). Il compito del trustee è quello di gestire tali beni attendendosi alle direttive del settlor e alle norme di legge applicabili, nell’interesse del beneficiary. Il trust è uno strumento utilizzato p

Settlor, trustee e beneficiary sono i soggetti del trust, un istituto giuridico anglosassone che sta prendendo piede anche in Italia, in seguito alla ratifica della Convenzione dell’Aja. Attraverso il trust, il costituente (settlor) trasferisce la proprietà di uno o più beni a un fiduciario (trustee). Il compito del trustee è quello di gestire tali beni attendendosi alle direttive del settlor e alle norme di legge applicabili, nell’interesse del beneficiary. Il trust è uno strumento utilizzato p

Notaries provide the community with a complex service, they carry out a public function of the State within the framework of an independent profession. The notarial deed not only regulates transactions between parties, but it provides added value in at least three respects: - a contract signed before a notary is unchallengable and hence it avoids expensive and time-consuming litigation procedures; - it is enforceable and hence it can be used to recover credits and it constitutes pri

The Notary as existing in Italy belongs to the “latin (o roman)  notarial system”. The “latin notary” system is largely spread around the world, adopted by approximately 71 countries, mostly belonging to the civil law system. Although the same word “public notary” is used within the “common law” legal systems, it must be underlined very clearly from the beginning that the concept (the meaning) behind the word in the civil law system and in the common law system is completely, absolutel

On dit: mais à quoi donc sert un notaire? En Angleterre et aux Etats-Unis, on peut tout aussi bien acheter une maison tout seul et être protégé par les assurances. C’est vrai; dommage que le solicitor, l’avocat dont on ne peut se passer de l’assistance, coûte beaucoup plus cher que le notaire et que, la plupart du temps, les assurances sont réticentes à rembourser les dommages. Au fond, la différence entre les deux systèmes consiste à prévenir plutôt que guérir. Il est aisé de percevoi

Since 12 September 2002, the Consiglio Nazionale del Notariato has been registered in the public list of certifiers of digital signatures held by AIPA, as the certification authority for Italian notaries. The digital signatures of Italian notaries may be verified on the site http://ca.notariato.it. Based on the rules and the certification authority's operations manual, CNN certifies notaries' digital signatures in the exercise of their functions and so guarantees to third parties not only

The vendor has the right to receive the full amount of the agreed price from the purchaser at the time the sale contract is settled. Frequently the vendor has already received an advance payment on that price, generally as a deposit: in that case he will have the right to receive the difference to make up the full agreed price. The vendor has the option to allow the purchaser a deferral of payment, with or without interest. It is up to the discretion of the vendor (based on the trust h

- Si le bien est classé comme “patrimoine culturel” ou soumis à certaines règles de protection du patrimoine artistique ou paysager, il faudra le cas échéant une autorisation des autorités compétentes pour que le bien puisse être vendu, et un droit de préemption est réservé à l’autorité du patrimoine; - il se peut que le bien soit grevé de ce qu’on appelle des formalités (en général des hypothèques) qui font qu’il n’est pas entièrement “libre”; le notaire a la possibilité de vérifier si c

A  "public officer" is a professional who performs "public functions". This means that he is vested by the State  with public authority and faith, which allows him to draw "authentic deeds"  (or "public deeds"). The “authentic deed” is the characteristic  "product" of the latin notary system. Even though  the notaries' discipline can show slight differences in  the different countries adopting the latin system, they all draw up authentic (public) deeds with the same legal meaning.

The purchase of a home is always an important step in our lives. Just as the sale of a property also carries significant overtones: from investment decisions, to the reordering of assets, to the need for generational change. Whether it be the purchase or the sale of a property, it is not something to be taken lightly. Indeed, these are extremely complex operations that are full of pitfalls and that cannot be undertaken without the advice of an expert. Are you aware of the rights and oblig

L’achat d’un logement représente toujours un moment important de notre vie, tout comme la vente d’un bien immobilier marque une étape extrêmement significative: de l’investissement à la transformation du patrimoine à la nécessité d’un passage générationnel. Dans les deux cas, l’achat ou la vente d’un bien immobilier n’est pas chose à prendre à la légère. Car en effet il s’agit d’opérations fort complexes et pleines d’embûches qu’il ne saurait être question d’affronter sans les conseils d’

The new law that is discussed below, and in particular the duty to take out a surety bond, applies to all types of real estate negotiations and hence it applies to purchases, exchanges, divisions, allotments by cooperative companies …, also and in particular to all forms of agreement that are made before the purchase and actual delivery of the property, such as preliminary agreements, promises to sell, leasing contracts, unilateral promises, advance payments, …. (article 1, paragraph 1, lett

Home loans are generally guaranteed by a mortgage and so are the preserve, in our legal system, of the notary. The presence of the notarial profession has become more significant with the recent increase in the number of such contracts, a result of the lower cost of money (though this is still subject to fluctuations) and improvements in living standards that allow an ever greater number of citizens to aspire to the ownership of their home and often of a second home as well. Year after ye

Les crédits obtenus pour le propre logement sont en général garantis par une hypothèque et sont donc, dans notre législation, du ressort du notaire. La présence du notariat devient encore plus évidente après la récente et forte augmentation du nombre de contrats de ce type, due à l’effet du faible coût de l’argent (encore qu’il reste toujours exposé au risque d’oscillations) et de l’amélioration des conditions de vie, qui permettent à un nombre croissant de personnes d’accéder à la propri

After long years of waiting, the decree-law that introduces greater protection for the purchasers of houses that are in the process of being built has finally been published in the Official Gazette (6 July 2005, n° 155).  The measures introduced under this new law will have a major impact: indeed, according to estimates made by trade associations, since 1995 more than 200,000 Italian families have been involved in thousands of bankruptcies of construction firms. Decree Law n° 122 of 20 Ju

Une loi qu’on attend depuis des années Au bout de longues années d’attente, le Journal Officiel (du 6 juillet 2005 n° 155) a enfin publié le décret législatif qui protège mieux ceux qui achètent un logement en cours de construction. Les innovations mises en place ont une portée sociale très forte:comme simple exemple, d’après les estimations de certaines associations de catégorie, plus de 200.000 familles italiennes ont été impliquées dans les milliers de faillites d’entreprises de constr

Law no. 52 of 1996 introduced rules into the Italian legal system to protect the consumer in his contractual relations with professionals. In order to rationalize regulations which have been complicated by a long sequence of amendments, a Consumer Code was recently published (Legislative Decree no. 206 of 6 September 2005), which contains a thorough reworking of most of the consumer-protection rules. Article 3 of the Consumer Code defines a "consumer" as a physical individual who acts

La loi n° 52 de 1996 a introduit dans la législation italienne des normes de protection des consommateurs dans leurs relations contractuelles avec les professionnels. Pour rationaliser la réglementation, alourdie par de nombreuses interventions législatives successives, on a récemment promulgué le Code de la consommation (décret-loi du 6 septembre 2005 n° 206), qui contient un remaniement global de la majeure partie des normes visant la protection du consommateur. Aux termes de l'artic

The Consiglio Nazionale del Notariato (C.N.N.) is the professional order of notaries. It is made up of 20 notaries directly elected by all practising notaries in three-yearly elections. There is a limit of two consecutive mandates. The three members of the Audit Committee are elected according to the same procedure.The 20 elected councillors, after they are installed in office, nominate a President, a Vice President, a Secretary and an Executive Committee. The tasks of the Consiglio Na

In general terms, the conveyance is the contract that transfers ownership of an asset or some other right in exchange for a consideration; more generically, one may say that a real estate conveyance is the formal agreement whereby one party, known as the vendor, transfers to another party, known as the purchaser, the ownership of a particular property in exchange for payment of the agreed price. Given the extreme importance of real property ownership, our legal system not only requires th

The law completes the range of measures introduced to protect the purchaser by extending to the purchaser the right to parcel out the loan and the mortgage on the building being built, and the prohibition on selling before the division of the loan into quotas, or before discharge of the mortgage or foreclosure where these are not taken over by the new purchaser (Articles 7 and 8). The purchaser of a house to be used as his/her home has the right of pre-emption in case of an auction (Art.

La loi complète et renforce ultérieurement la protection de l’acquéreur en étendant également au promettant acquéreur le droit de fractionner l’emprunt immobilier et l’hypothèque sur le bien immobilier en construction, et  l’interdiction qui s’en suit de procéder à la vente avant la subdivision en quote-parts du financement et le fractionnement ou la radiation hypothécaire ou la saisie, si non endossées (articles 7 et 8). Ceci ouvre donc un droit de prélation en faveur des acquéreurs de l

The Decree does not apply in general to all real estate transactions but only to those negotiations of buildings where the seller (called “builder”) sells a building that he or others have built (Article 1, paragraph 1, letter b). Hence the law applies not only to purchases from a builder (an individual or a firm), but also to the person or firm that sells a building built by a third party. According to the Decree a “purchaser” is an individual who purchases a building or who, even though

Le décret ne porte pas d’une façon générale sur toutes les opérations immobilières, mais seulement les transactions concernant des biens immobiliers dont le vendeur (désigné par la loi comme "constructeur") est un sujet qui vend un immeuble construit par lui-même ou d’autres (article1, premier alinéa, lettre b). La loi s’applique donc non seulement aux acquisitions effectuées par qui, personne physique ou société, exerce en première personne une activité de construction, mais également

Another important innovation is that the builder, or seller of buildings being constructed, is obliged to take out an insurance policy which will protect the purchaser for at least ten years from any damages deriving from the total or partial collapse of the building or from serious construction flaws (Article 4).

A property regime is the set of rules that govern property and the manner of administering assets belonging to a married couple so long as the marriage lasts and when the marriage ends for any reason (death, divorce).In other words, the property regime stipulates the rights that each spouse has over assets acquired (by one or other of the spouses or by both) during the marriage, both for the duration of the marriage and in the case where the marriage ends.In Italy the “normal” regime established

Il trust è rapporto giuridico che sorge per effetto della stipula di un atto tra vivi o di un testamento, con cui un soggetto (settlor o disponente) trasferisce ad un altro soggetto (trustee) beni o diritti con l’obbligo di amministrarli nell’interesse del disponente o di altro soggetto (beneficiario) oppure per il perseguimento di uno scopo determinato, sotto l’eventuale vigilanza di un terzo (protector o guardiano), secondo le regole dettate dal disponente nell’atto istitutivo di trust e dalla

With the provisions that entered into force as of 1 January 2004, the dissolution of companies with share capital is governed by new rules.A company may be dissolved because: its term of duration has expired,  the corporate aims have been achieved or circumstances have set in that make it impossible to achieve them, the shareholders’ meeting cannot or will not function, the share capital has dropped to values below the minimum legal requirements (but the company may decide to reconstitute th

In early 2003 the Italian legislator issued a law decree (n° 6 of 17 January 2003) which thoroughly reformed companies limited by shares.  The declared aim was to simplify, where appropriate, and enrich, wherever possible, the rules governing such companies, with a view to increasing their competitiveness on both domestic and international markets.Many changes were made and the following results have been achieved:  a better, though still not complete, co-ordination between the rules governi

Au début de 2003 le législateur italien a promulgué un décret législatif (n° 6 du 17 janvier 2003) qui a apporté des réformes profondes au système des sociétés de capitaux. L’objectif déclaré était la simplification, là où cela était opportun, et l’enrichissement, là où c’était possible, de la réglementation intéressant ces organismes pour les rendre plus compétitifs sur les marchés nationaux et internationaux. Nombreux ont été les changements, et ils ont eu comme résultat une meilleure

The rules described for the s.n.c. also apply to the establishment of an s.a.s.The Memorandum of Association must comply with the same requirements, in form and content, as those laid down for the s.n.c.An additional requirement is that the unlimited partners and the limited partners be distinctly indicated.The Memorandum of Association of the s.a.s. are to be entered in the Register of Companies. If this is not done the partnership is irregular and the provisions that shall apply are less favou

Pour la constitution de la SCS ce sont les règles illustrées pour la  s.n.c  qui trouvent application.Quant à la forme et au contenu de l’acte constitutif, il devra respecter les mêmes règles que celles qui ont été décrites pour la s.n.c.Outre à celles-ci, il faudra indiquer de façon distincte qui sont les associés commandités et qui sont les commanditaires.L’acte constitutif de la SCS devra lui aussi être inscrit au registre des entreprises, et à défaut d’enregistrement, la société sera simplem

Co-operatives are associations of persons which are protected in the Italian Constitution:  in fact Article 45 of the Italian Constitution states: “the Constitution recognises the social function of co-operative societies that are based on the values of solidarity and that do not pursue goals of private profit”.In co-operatives predominant importance is ascribed to the social function, which consists in implementing a democratic decentralisation of the power of organisation and management of

Il trust ha avuto frequente utilizzo in Italia nel campo della protezione dei soggetti incapaci che i famigliari non intendano “esporre” a procedure giudiziarie (la nomina dell’ amministratore di sostegno oppure la nomina di un tutore per chi dovrebbe essere interdetto o di un curatore per chi dovrebbe essere inabilitato).In tali casi, allora, il trust consiste nel trasferimento al trustee di un dato patrimonio affinchè i suoi frutti siano destinati alle esigenze di vita del soggetto da prot

Il fondo patrimoniale è, come noto, quella convenzione matrimoniale mediante la quale certi beni (immobili, mobili registrati, titoli di credito) vengono destinati a far fronte alle esigenze della famiglia dei coniugi che stipulano detta convenzione. Dalla stipula del fondo patrimoniale deriva un effetto “segregativo” dei beni destinati al fondo: essi sono infatti espropriabili solo dai creditori che abbiano maturato le loro ragioni di credito per ragioni inerenti la vita familiare (si pensi

Solo dall’inizio degli anni ’90, prima assi timidamente, poi in modo sempre più effettivo, il trust ha fatto la sua “comparsa” nel nostro ordinamento. In precedenza il trust era considerato come una “stranezza” inglese o americana, a noi per lo più incomprensibile e comunque estranea; da quando la ratifica italiana della Convenzione dell’Aja l’ha alfine sdoganato, una parte di coloro che vi si sono avvicinati è stata attirata, se non da un fenomeno “alla moda”, dal miraggio di poterne fare u